[Professor LU Fan's clinical experience in shallow needling technique of acupuncture].

Professor LU Fan adheres to the principle in clinical practice, "the needling principle concentrated on regulating qi ". She takes the advantages of shallow needling technique of acupuncture in treatment of various diseases, e.g. exogenous disease, initial onset of disorder, chronic bi disorder, intractable diseases, disorder of yang nature, disorder of heat nature, thin body, pediatric diseases, disorders on the unilateral side of the body and acute diseases. Besides in compliance with classics, she has broadened the application scope of shallow needling technique of acupuncture and improved the clinical therapeutic effect.

[The present situation and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in Portugal].

The development courses of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as the present situation, education and legislation in Portugal were reviewed in this article. Acupuncture and Moxibustion has been developed in Portugal since 1980's. The first acupuncture school appeared in the year of 1992. Until now, courses on Chinese medicine and acupuncture has already been set up in about six universities. Acupuncture legislation started in the year 2003. At present, professional levels of acupuncture practitioners vary a lot. There are over 50 indications currently. And acupuncture treatment is basically at one's own expense.

[Liu Zhang-Jie's thought of acupuncture education].

Through retrieving of literature relevant to LIU Zhang-jie, his practicing and teaching experience in Quanzhou city are investigated, and his modern education thoughts are summarized in this article as well. It is found that LIU attached great importance on both apprenticeship and classroom teaching; he highlighted the theory of meridians and the classic of Treaties on Febrile Diseases; recommending selection of less points, and focusing on finger force during practice, he prefered to combine acupuncture with materia medica. He was practical and realistic, and never hide his mistakes. He also brought along and passed his ideas of acupuncture teach to his students. The medical ethic of SUN Si-miao was the one he advocated. He also spared no effort to write books and teach materials which played important roles in the spread of Chengjiang Acupuncture School.

[A brief analysis of taking off the needle slowly].

The ancients highlight taking off the needle slowly. From aspects of proper timing of withdrawing the needle, the safe treatment, treating and keeping the spirit, dealing with the acupuncture accidents, reinforcing and reducing manipulation and strengthening the post-needling sensation, etc. advantages of taking off the needle slowly are described in this paper. So the taking off the needle slowly is worthwhile in clinic.

[Chengjiang school descendant Mr. Huang Zong-Xu's academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion].

HUANG Zong-xu, who studied from Mr. Cheng Dan-an, the founder of Chengjiang acupuncture school, is a famous acupuncturist of Fujian Province. Through collecting and sorting of Mr. Huang's theses and medical records, his academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized as follows. Paying attention to meridians and collaterals and treatment based on syndrome differentiation; valuing the needling sensation as well as being good at reinforcing and reducing methods; thinking highly of taking care of spleen and stomach, ombination of needles and herbal medicine to treat difficult miscellaneous diseases; being adept in externd therapy and penetration needling and diet prescriptions, as well as attaching importance on health preserving.

[Present situation and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in Singapore].

The development history, education, legislation, charge and institutes of acupuncture and moxibustion in Singapore are introduced in this article. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been developed in Singapore since 1840. Nowadays there are three universities that set up standard Chinese medicine courses and two acupuncture-moxibustion associations. Legislation of acupuncture and moxibustion is published in 2000. The acupuncture and moxibustion is applied for approximately 50 kinds of diseases. The acupuncture and moxibustion is at one's own expense in public or private institutions, but cheap or completely free in charity.

[Mr. Chen Ying-long of chengjiang acupuncture school: a brief introduction].

Through consultation of the historical literatures on Mr. CHEN Ying-long, investigating his teaching experiences in Xiamen Hospital of TCM and Xiamen University, the characteristics of his educational idea on acupuncture-moxibustion, are found as follows: great significance is found in the dissemination of Chengjiang acupuncture school in Minnan area of China and abroad through the combination of the succession of education from a masters to disciples and the classroom teaching; importance is attached to medical ethics, and priority is put on building up ethics and teaching by precept and example. In order to inherit the Chengjiang acupuncture school, Mr. CHEN focuses on fostering a proper studying method, emphasizes on the basic skills of acupuncture, reinforces clinical practice and techniques, edits books, and imparts knowledge and solves doubts.